Posted by
David Paitsel on Thursday, October 08, 2009 2:07:02 PM
When students learn about the Revolutionary War, they hear a lot about "no taxation without representation," inalienable rights, and equality - as they should. There was, however, an underlying issue at stake that explains it all and is rarely addressed. The underlying reason the colonists rebelled was because they felt alienated from the government. It was unaccountable to the colonists and unresponsive to their local concerns. In short, the colonists felt they could govern themselves better than the British government in London ever could. They believed government should be as close to the people as possible so it would be accountable to the people, as King George III across the sea in England most assuredly was not.
The founders of our country were suspicious of a strong central government, so our original founding documents, the Articles of Confederation, sought to instill as much power as possible in the states. This was our first experiment in federalism - a system of strong local governments voluntarily held together by a unifying national government with limited power. This balance was important - a powerful national government was deemed too distant to be properly held in check. At best, the founders viewed a national government as a necessary evil. At worst, it was a threat to the liberties they had fought to achieve. State governments would necessarily be more responsive to local needs and local opinion - and thus more representative of the citizens they governed.
There are, however, national issues that require national solutions. Providing national security, for example, requires not only a national army, but a national authority to tax. Likewise, the economic prosperity of our new country required a national currency and a national framework to regulate commerce and enforce contracts across state lines. Instead of simply ignoring the Articles and expanding government by extra-legal means (sound familiar?), our founders went back to the drawing board. The result, the US Constitution, granted additional powers to the national government, but only those deemed absolutely necessary to safeguard our republic as a whole. To reiterate the dominance of state and local government in our Constitution, the Tenth Amendment states, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people." Put more simply, this amendment means the national government has only those powers specifically listed in the Constitution. All other powers are retained by the states and the people.
How, then, did we reach our present circumstances in which the federal government has become such a dominant force in our lives? Congress has taken it upon itself to regulate everything from education and retirement benefits to health care. It even dictates purely local issues such as speed limits, building codes, and the age at which people are legally allowed to drink by threatening to withhold funding from states for everything from Medicaid to highway construction. Our federal government's powers have broadened so far beyond the scope of its legitimate, constitutionally delegated powers as to render our founding documents entirely meaningless. How did we allow the balance of power in our country to shift so radically away from individuals, states, and local governments toward this omnipotent authority in Washington, DC?
Some would say the problems we face today are too complex and national in scope for local or state answers. The federal government has simply risen to the challenge of the modern world and accepted additional responsibilities to provide solutions to the problems we face. While this is undoubtedly true in some instances, this argument ignores the fact that our founders were hardly country bumpkins. Many of the problems our country were national in scope even in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Our founders took that into account when they wrote the Constitution. If we find it inadequate for the challenges of the modern world, the founders gave us an amendment process to make changes as we see fit. Complex national problems are not an excuse for disingenuous (and intentional) misinterpretations of the document itself to justify power grabs that are clearly beyond the scope of what our founders intended.
Others say certain issues are of vital national interest to the federal government and require national, unified solutions. Frequent examples include poverty, civil rights, and the environment. Implicit in this argument is a lack of trust in the ability (and the willingness) of states, local government, and most of all - people to take these on. I also find this argument slightly condescending, not to mention undemocratic. States and local governments usually have better insights into the solutions that would best fit their communities, and let's face it - the problems of New York City often bear little resemblance to the problems of Sioux Falls. Even worse, one-size-fits-all solutions imposed from above often do more harm than good precisely because politicians in Washington have no real appreciation for the circumstances that exist in diverse parts of the country. Such policies also put taxpayers in one part of the country in the unfair position of subsidizing programs exclusively meant for communities thousands of miles away. Might those resources be put to better use solving local problems?
I get the feeling that some people simply do not trust state and local officials nearly as much as federal officials. Somehow, they deem state and local officials as being more susceptible to corruption. Others view them as incompetent local yokels and members of the good-ole-boys club who get off on being big fish in little ponds. However, this overlooks the simple fact that the proximity of these politicians to their constituents make them especially responsive to local concerns - and particularly vulnerable to the wrath of voters if they prove to be inept, corrupt, or both. Politicians in Washington, on the other hand, may was well be in England like King George III and his Parliament when it comes to accountability to the folks at home- especially with gerrymandered districts, national party organizations, and campaign finance laws designed to protect them from losing their jobs. Can one really expect Congressmen who often remain in office for decades to be accountable to the people they represent?
As an aside, here's a little experiment you can try: make a phone call to your local state legislator about a concern you have in your community. Make a similar phone call to your representative in Washington with a question about anything - whether it be health care or potholes on the interstate. See which one gets back to you first. See which one sends you an insincere form letter and see which one sends you a personalized response - or better yet, a return phone call. I have done this myself, and I think you can guess what happened.
Back on point - these arguments do little to explain how we reached this impasse beyond rationalizing what has already occurred. After much consideration, I believe I have hit upon a primary factor that explains the trend toward centralization of power in Washington. It is interesting to note that this trend, which has its roots in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, did not really begin to pick up steam until the twentieth century - and the stirrings of instant communication and mass media.
At first, there were telegraph wires. Then came radio and television. Today, we have the internet and cable channels devoted to news twenty-four hours a day. Anything that happens around the globe comes into our living rooms with the push of a button. Issues and problems are covered on a national scale, and crises are sensationalized to attract viewers, advertisers, and clicks. Is it any wonder, when so many problems are presented on a national scale, and national politics are covered like sporting events, people start to look to national politicians for national solutions? National politicians get the face time, so it is only natural people think of them first rather than their own local representatives. The very real problem is that government far removed is a government more likely to be corrupt, unresponsive, inefficient, and beholden to group interests rather than individual liberty.
No, I am not saying modern communication and national media are bad things best gotten rid of. What I am saying is that people who believe solving local problems locally is the best means of protecting the liberties our country was founded upon must mount a massive program to educate other Americans on the virtues of limited government and federalism. After all, if environmentalists can launch campaigns to encourage people to eat locally grown produce (a good thing), why can't we launch a campaign promoting local responsibility, the virtues of local communities, and the power of local governments to solve problems? If enough people get on board (and with the tea parties and town hall protests, I think we're on our way), we can finally enact real change we can believe in.